Moving from 100MHz to above 200MHz, a new trend in energy storage MCUs

With the development of energy storage systems, the performance requirements for BMS are also increasing day by day. Nowadays, BMS has also begun to integrate MCU, AFE and other products, which poses new requirements for the MCU.
For example, with the increasing demand for energy efficiency and battery life in energy storage systems, MCUs need to further reduce power consumption while maintaining high performance. And in order to more accurately monitor the battery status and control the charging and discharging process, MCU needs to have high-precision ADC and DAC.
And the energy storage BMS needs to communicate with devices such as AFE, sensors, and upper computer, so the MCU needs to have multiple peripheral interfaces, such as UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, etc. At the same time, due to the high reliability required for energy storage systems, MCUs need to have functional safety features such as fault detection and self diagnosis.
In addition, in order to simplify system design and reduce development costs, MCUs are moving towards integration and modularization. Some MCUs have built-in AFE, pre drive and other functional modules, reducing the number of external components and improving the stability and reliability of the system.
The mainstream architecture adopts Cortex-M4/M33 or RISC-V, supporting hardware floating-point operations (FPU) and DSP instructions to meet the requirements of complex algorithms such as SOC/SOH estimation and FOC control. The main frequency has evolved from 100MHz to above 200MHz, shortening the response time of the current loop.
New Energy Storage MCU Products in the Market
Due to the new demand for energy storage systems, manufacturers have also launched corresponding products. For example, the LKS32MC453 from Jingfeng Mingyuan is a high-performance, low-power MCU. It adopts a 192MHz 32-bit Cortex-M4F core, with rich DSP instructions and hardware floating-point operation units, which can quickly process complex computing tasks and meet the real-time monitoring and control needs of battery status in energy storage BMS.
It integrates multiple peripherals, such as 2 I2C interfaces, 2 SPI interfaces, 1 CAN interface, and 3 UART interfaces. It also has 3 built-in 14 bit SAR ADCs, with a sampling and conversion rate of up to 2 Msps. It has 3 universal 16 bit timers, 2 universal 32-bit timers, and 1 24 bit systick timer, and has multiple low-power modes such as sleep mode and deep sleep mode.
Built in 12MHz high-precision RC clock and low-speed 32kHz clock, can be equipped with 12-24MHz external crystal oscillator to ensure stable operation of the system under different working conditions; Simultaneously equipped with ADC self-test module, CRC module, etc., enhances the reliability and security of the system.
APT's APT32F103 is a 32-bit MCU based on the RISC-V architecture, with a maximum operating frequency of 48MHz, high performance, high reliability, and rich peripheral interfaces.
On chip 80Kbytes of program flash, containing 8Kbytes of SRAM and independent 3Kbytes of data flash. Supports multiple communication protocols, including 1xI2C, 3xUART, 1xUSART, 1xSPI, and 1xSIO. Supports up to 30 GPIO, all of which can be configured as external interrupts. Equipped with 4 high current drive pins, each pin supports a maximum current of 120mA.
It has up to 24 channels of 12 bit ADC, supports internal/external VREF input, and supports up to 25 channels of touch button controller. Equipped with multiple timers, including 1x16 bit enhanced timer (supporting 7 PWM outputs), 1x16 bit universal timer (supporting 2 PWM outputs), 4x16 bit basic timer, 1x16 bit low-power timer, and 1x16 bit real-time clock timer. Including independent watchdog timer (IWDT) and window watchdog timer (WWDT), ensuring the reliability and stability of the system in abnormal situations.
The working voltage supports a wide voltage range of 1.8V-5.5V, and can operate normally within a wide temperature range of -40 ℃ -85 ℃. It supports multiple low-power modes and can dynamically adjust power consumption according to load conditions. Through CS 10V A-level testing, it supports ESD 8KV and EFT 4KV protection.